Honey And Mumford Learning Style Education Essay

It is normally believed that most people have a penchant with respects to interacting with, taking in and treating information to let them to larn ( Smith, 2003 ) . Different people adopt different acquisition manners where an optimal manner allows the person to larn best. The construct of individualized acquisition manners has gained a great trade of popularity in recent old ages of all time since the thought was proposed in the seventiess. To day of the month, there has been a monolithic copiousness of trials that can be performed to measure a individual ‘s acquisition manner ( Sprenger, 2003 ) . The undertaking is divided into two parts: Part A: To place and analyse my learning manner penchants through assorted questionnaires ; the VARK trial, Honey and Mumford acquisition manner, Myer Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) and Belbin ‘s squad stock list. Prem and Phil stated that â€Å" Learning affects public presentation because all public presentation can be improved through acquisition. † ( Prem & A ; Phil, 2008 ) . Therefore, this allows me to derive an apprehension of who I am as a scholar and how this cognition may impact my public presentations, both separately or within a squad environment. Part B: To discourse my personality type and how my learning manner may impact my calling picks. However, it is deserving observing that although â€Å" personality is a possible subscriber to acquisition, it is hard to specify † ( Davies, 2008 ) . Sigmund Freud used the analogy of an iceberg to explicate the complexness of human personality by proposing that most of the personality is hidden out of sight under H2O ( Freud, 2003 ) . Hence, placing one ‘s personality is non an easy undertaking, and trials should merely be used as a ‘starting point ‘ instead than as a agency to do definite opinions ( Bayne, 1997 ) . However, my consequences will give a general thought of a calling field that most closely fit my personality and strengths.Part 1: Who I am as a scholar?1.1 VARK TestThe VARK trial is one of the most normally used theoretical accounts to assist place an person ‘s penchant for having and analyzing information with respects to larning. It can as sist people to develop extra acquisition schemes. There are four manners for people to utilize, such as ocular, aural, read/write and kinesthetic ( VARK, 2009 ) . It is a model to measure a individual ‘s learning manner. The consequences of the VARK trial ( Appendix A ) suggest that my strengths in a acquisition context remainder on my aural accomplishments. I have a strong penchant for aural based acquisition since I like to listen to others during treatment to derive a different position which allows me to understand more of the subject being discussed. My group mate agrees with this by stating †Although Yin Sung is usually quiet during group activities, she is an active hearer of other people ‘s positions and attentions about other people ‘s ideas, † ( Vicky, 2010 ) . Another portion of the trial consequences that I peculiarly agree with is that my written/reading accomplishments rather weak and is n't my preferable method of larning. Having merely late moved to analyze in the UK, English is non my first linguistic communication which could explicate why this type of acquisition is non one of my chief strengths, although my proficiency is bettering a batch. Since, the western educational system places a batch of accent on reading and authorship, I believe that I will derive a batch of betterment in this acquisition facet as clip goes on with added pattern. However, I am a spot surprised by my low mark on my kinaesthetic accomplishments. I have ever thought that I am person that learns good when given the chance to see something via a ‘hands on attack ‘ . For illustration, I find that I am able to pick up new accomplishments easy ( i.e. badminton ) when I am able to physically seek it out instead than merely reading from a book on how to play.1.2 Honey and Mumford Learning StyleThe Honey and Mumford ‘s ( 1992 ) Learning Style identifies and categorises an person ‘s learning manner. There are four possible manners ; an militant, reflector, theoretician and pragmatist, with a sum of 80 inquiries in the trial ( Honey and Mumford, 1992 ) . Harmonizing to the consequences of the Honey and Mumford larning manner questionnaire ( Appendix B ) I adopt a high reflector outlook. I agree with the bulk of the description of the reflector which I believe to the full depict me. A Reflector is a careful individual who prefers to take a back place in group treatments ( Honey and Mumford, 1992 ) . I like to listen to other people ‘s positions before I come to decisions and take my clip before doing any determinations. Being less self-asserting and be givening to keep back from engagement, I believe that I will work good and larn more expeditiously if placed around an militant, as one would be able to promote me to undertake state of affairss via a more ‘head on ‘ attack. This would heighten my engagement in group activities and treatments. In understanding with my VARK consequences, the Honey and Mumford trial suggests that I am a good hearer which is one of the strengths of a reflector. I to the full agree with this since I have ever been person that likes to listen to everyone in the group thoughtfully. This gives me an chance to derive different positions from different angles before I come to decisions. However, a possible failing that I see in myself by being a reflector is that I spend a long clip when executing set undertakings. For illustration, during my last assignment, it took me in surplus of two months to finish it as I was brooding excessively much on the readying phase. I spent excessively long researching information before I eventually began composing my assignment which is due to my caution with respects to make up one's minding how to compose it. Although I do demo a cautious outlook, I do n't to the full hold with the description that a individual with reflector behavior ne'er likes to take hazards. I on occasion like to step out of my ‘comfort zone ‘ to see things that I have ne'er experienced before to broaden my ain cognition. For illustration, I chose to go forth my place and familiar milieus in Hong Kong to analyze in the UK. I besides like to take up activities and avocations that I have ne'er tried before.1.3 Myers Briggs Type IndicatorThe Myer Briggs type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a questionnaire used to place an person ‘s personality type based on Carl Jung theories. MBTI categorises persons into two maps, such as extroversion or invagination which is the penchant in which an person prefers to direct their energy ( Madeline & A ; Rebecca, 1988 ) . For illustration, one that likes to direct their energy to cover with outer things, state of affairss or other people is deemed to hold a penchant for extrov ersion. Conversely, a individual that likes to cover with thoughts, information, accounts or the ‘inner universe ‘ , so their penchant is invagination. The consequences of the MBTI ( Appendix C ) suggest that I have a dominant introspective map, with a high penchant for introspective detection as demonstrated by my high mark in ISFJ. These consequences show that I like to listen to others and to absorb every bit much information as possible in a peculiar state of affairs, to spread out my cognition and to accomplish a clear apprehension of a subject. These compliment good with my consequences from the Honey and Mumford trial mentioned above. The consequences besides suggest that I am a difficult working person, which I feel describes me good. I like to get down early and guarantee that I perform undertakings to the best of my ability. Sing my academic life, I tend to analyze at least five hours a twenty-four hours. I besides begin my research for assignments long before the deadline. For illustration, although this professional undertaking is due for entry in April 2010, I have been fixing and making the necessary reading since October 2009. The MBTI consequences besides suggest that I have an of import penchant for extrovert feeling, as demonstrated by my high ESFJ mark. I am person that likes to concentrate on edifice harmoniousness in the universe around me and construct positive relationships. Besides, I ever value other people ‘s parts during work or other activities. My old employer said â€Å" Sung Yin is a really personable person that is popular with the clients and staff which creates a really positive ambiance around the topographic point, † ( Mrs Poon, 2008 ) . I will ever seek to carry people to hold with my positions if their sentiments are different to mine. However, I ever need to be careful non to pique those around me while seeking to make so. Briggs Myers stated that although ‘ESFJ ‘s ‘ are â€Å" friendly and sympathetic, they are really diligent and insist that others portion the same positions as them. † ( Myers, 1995 ) .1.4 Belbin Team InventoryThe Belbin Team Inventory is a trial used to estimate penetration into a individual ‘s behavioral inclination in a squad environment ( Furnham, Steele & A ; Pendleton, 1993 ) . The trial allows us the chance to find non merely our single aptitude strengths, but besides gives an consciousness of our place within a squad and how we are expected to lend. It â€Å" scores people based on how strongly they express traits from nine different squad functions. † ( Belbin, 1981 ) . Harmonizing to my Belbin trial consequences ( Appendix D ) , I have a major penchant for a function as a ‘shaper ‘ within a squad. A ‘shaper ‘ contains behavioral traits that correspond to my consequences from the MBTI. For illustration, a ‘shaper ‘ shows a thrust to win and to get the better of obstructions which complements my desire to carry through my aspirations and follow my clear ends. Although I display ‘reflector ‘ features, I besides see myself as a competitory person that thrives on force per unit area and challenges, which forms the footing of the ‘shaper ‘ function. My high school P.E teacher wrote on my school study â€Å" Sung Yin has demonstrated her competitory side during badminton category and has the necessary personality and desire to go a good participant in the athletics in future, † ( Mr. Yeung, 2001 ) . The consequences besides show that I am a ‘monitor judge ‘ proposing that I am an person that likes to measure all options before coming to a decision, which allows me to do accurate opinions. This agrees with my Honey and Mumford trial consequences which say that I am one who likes to derive different positions in treatment before doing determinations ( being a reflector ) . Finally, the trial consequences besides consider me to hold a penchant for a ‘specialist ‘ function that displays individual mindedness and dedication. These are traits that I agree with since I am a instead obstinate individual that does n't wish to alter my head one time I have my head set on something. Mr Robinson, my old employer said †Sung Yin is a really goaded individual with a clear way with where she wants to be and is improbable that she will be swayed from it, † ( Mr. Robinson, 2007 ) . I am ever dedicated to my undertakings at manus and ever give my best to make them every bit good as I can. This has allowed me to develop my accomplishments and cognition to a degree that means I can give a utile part within a squad. Despite what I feel is a reasonably accurate appraisal of my discriminatory functions within a squad, I do non to the full agree with a ‘resource research worker ‘ being my least preferable function. This is because I believe that I am a communicative individual which is a cardinal trait of the resource ‘resource research worker ‘ . As demonstrated by old trial consequences, I am a individual that possesses strong aural accomplishments. Despite regularly following a cautious attack to group treatment activities ( in line with my reflector personality ) , I like to inquire inquiries and take part in activities one time I feel comfy plenty to show my positions one time I have gauged other peoples ‘ point of views.Part 2: Deductions for calling pick2.1 Lifelong LearningEven from a immature age, I have ever been cognizant of the importance of larning new things to broaden my ain cognition base holding been invariably reminded by my parents to â€Å" work ha rd till old, and to larn till old. †A With an of all time altering society and increasing demand for ‘talent ‘ in any professional calling, it is compulsory that an person should non merely get new accomplishments, but to besides invariably upgrade these accomplishments to run into challenges set by the altering work environment.A This is the act of life-long acquisition which is the deliberate patterned advance throughout life of an person, where our cognition is invariably being expanded which allows us to efficaciously ‘survive ‘ in society ( Peter, Jenny and Shelagh, 1998 ) .A The essentialness of life-long acquisition has been good documented even every bit early as the seventeenth century where Comenius wrote that â€Å" no age is excessively late to get down larning. † And that one should ne'er do the error of ‘standing still ‘ in footings of accomplishment acquisition ( Comenius, 1996 ) .A Through my practical experience and l ife in general, I have come to the realisation that uninterrupted acquisition is a necessity to keep a competitory advantage over the many persons that seek the same calling chances as me.A Hence, I search for any chances to better myself through life-long acquisition. With my desire to better, I have late resigned from my occupation to analyze my unmarried man ‘s grade in Northumbria University. Prior to my surrender and subsequent move to partake in full clip surveies, I worked three old ages in the Bank of China as a Customer Service Officer ( Appendix E ) .A During that clip, I was working full-time, while analyzing parttime during eventides by go toing analyzing classes.A The part-time survey has allowed me to develop many cardinal accomplishments to rise my proficiency in making my occupation in minimum time.A This is of import because of the current unstable and competitory occupation market.A It has now become a demand for me to place a clear calling way for me to prosecute and so to develop my cognition towards the relevant countries to carry through the demands of my hereafter employers.A I am now analyzing an ‘International Business Management ‘ degree class with the aspiration to accomplish a future calling in the conc ern sector.A A A A A A Life-long acquisition will assist me supply a solid base for the development of indispensable movable accomplishments ( as discussed subsequently ) that would lodge to me throughout life and to help me in the patterned advance towards my calling ends. It is besides of import for doing me a ‘better ‘ person.A After all â€Å" it is the bottom round of the ladder of personal development. † ( Peter, Jenny and Shelagh, 1998 ) .A2.2 Career ChoiceHaving conducted assorted larning manner trials on myself, I have been able to derive a better apprehension of my acquisition penchants, personality and environments where I am likely to boom upon.A It is expected that cognizing an person ‘s learning manner penchant may assist that individual to define a possible calling way that is best suited for them, or even influence that individual towards certain calling choices.A Indeed, it is common for directors to utilize questionnaires to place ideal personality traits in their campaigners that would most probably be suited for their occupations which would help them in the choice process.A However, it is deserving observing that human behavior is extremely complex, and such trials may non needfully give an accurate or thorough appraisal of an person ‘s personality ( Freud, 2001 ) .A Hence, consequences of these trials should non be held absolute and should merely be used as a guideline to help a individual with respects to doing cardinal determinations such as possible calling waies to take.A Despite obvious drawbacks with utilizing these trials, I agree with most of the suggestions made by them sing my acquisition penchants and some facets of my personality.A In footings of employment, through my practical experiences, I have developed a strong desire to prosecute a calling in Marketing.A The accomplishments I have acquired to day of the month hold mostly influenced my involvement towards this calling way which, together with my personality, has made me see that I possess the ‘raw ‘ foundations to win in the selling sector.A In a study carried out by Honey and Mumford, it was found that the bulk of directors preferable employees that are ‘reflectors ‘ for Marketing occupations ; a trait that they believe would convey the biggest success to their company.A Having carried out a Honey and Mumford trial on myself, it was concluded that I am a strong ‘reflector ‘ , which makes me competently suited for Marketing. ‘Reflectors ‘ such asA myself likes to follow a cautious attack during group activities. This means that I tend to take an initial back place in group treatments, A preferring to obtain different point of views before doing cardinal decisions.A Being cautious, can besides affect believing in front in expectancy of possible obstructions. With selling occupations, it is of import non to hotfoot into determinations without first thought and planning ahead.A This is because, with the nature of the type of work, it is inevitable that there will be ‘lean ‘ periods so therefore, it is particularly wise to be prepared for such periods and to hold a program to move accordingly.A For illustration, a portion of be aftering in front is expectancy of alterations in the markets and happening new merchandises to promote.A It is of import to be cognizant that â€Å" the best selling enterprisers are ever looking for the following large money marker. † They are ever be aftering in front ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) .A Hence, holding a cautious attack to things can be a good trait as it means that I am less likely to do incorrect determinations due to hotfooting into things and take necessary precautions.A My Belbin consequences that conclude that I have a strong penchant towards a ‘Monitor judge ‘ who likes to measure all options before coming to decisions adds farther support of my suitableness for a Marketing calling. â€Å" The ability to stay unagitated is one of the most sought after personality traits in the Retail profession, † ( John, 2007 ) .A Pressure can come in different ways, for illustration, when covering with unhappy clients who are dissatisfied with the merchandises sold to the ; It is the occupation of the seller to cover with the job and to reconstruct the client ‘s sentiment of the company.A Hence, to accomplish this, it is indispensable to stay unagitated under force per unit area when covering with these situations.A With selling occupations, it is besides of import to be able to react good and suitably to rigorous marks and deadlines that are set and to work towards them, which can besides take to coerce edifice up.A My Belbin trial consequences suggest that I am suited towards a ‘shaper ‘ function which is another ground why I feel that a Marketing calling is suited for me.A ‘Shapers ‘ are adept at executing under supercharging state of af fairss and with the added thrust to win. This is of import since there is a batch of competition within the market.A â€Å" Merely when you have your client on your side, are you able to efficaciously acquire what you want. † ( John, 2007 ) .A I believe this quotation mark highlights what a calling in Marketing is basically all about.A Success within the field of Marketing and Retail is extremely dependent on your clients or clients which means that good ‘people accomplishments ‘ leting you to link efficaciously with both co-workers and clients is essential.A On a personality degree, it is advantageous to be a ‘likeable ‘ individual which can affect being a pleasant person with a ‘cheery ‘ disposition.A â€Å" You are more likely to be able to negociate better if your client likes you, † ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) .A My MBTI consequences have described me as holding a strong penchant towards extroverted experiencing which means that I like to construct positive relationships with people around me and to make harmoniousness around me.A This, in my sentim ent has contributed mostly to me being a personable individual.A The benefits of this personality trait are double. First, I would be able to sell my merchandises to clients more easy since they are likely to happen me a pleasant individual. Second, I am more likely to be on the ‘right side ‘ of my work co-workers and so they may be more likely to offer me their help.A Having identified a calling field that best suit my personality as based on my personality trials, I seek to accomplish a future calling as a Marketing manager.A A occupation of this sort would let me the duty to do cardinal determinations that will act upon the success of the company.A I crave the chance to pull off a squad, and to give a major part to the company that I work for.A A successful calling as a Marketing director demands certain personality traits in add-on to those mentioned above.A For illustration, it is of import that a Marketing Manager ( Appendix F ) is one that, non merely is able to do accurate opinion, but besides needs to stand by these opinions and non be excessively easy influenced by other people ‘s words.A In other words, they need to be prepared to â€Å" disregard naysayers, even if it ‘s those that are closest to them. † ( Scott Brooks, 2004 ) . Hence, being brave and besides individual minded can be seen as a demand in this sense.A The Belbin trial consequences have identified me as being a ‘specialist ‘ where the cardinal feature of this function is individual mindedness.A With me being a of course obstinate individual who does n't normally alter my head holding made my determinations, I believe I am suited for this peculiar calling pick.2.3 Movable accomplishmentsIn add-on to the right personality and occupation specific accomplishments, a wise employer will besides look to see what movable skills a perspective employee can offer.A The term movable accomplishments merely refers to a set of generic accomplishments in which an person needs in order to be effectual members of a flexible, adaptable and competitory work force and for life-long learning.A â€Å" At the bosom of it all, most employers are looking for people with common accomplishments and features. † ( Phil O'Reilly, 2009 ) .A Unlike occupation specific accomplishments, movable accomplishments can be used in many ways, gained through past experiences.A They are accomplishments that can be used in a assortment of occupations and situations.A In order to be successful in Marketing, there is a repertory of accomplishments that are required for me to efficaciously make my occupation which include clip direction, people accomplishments, leading, teamwork and good organizational accomplishments, amongst others. Marketing occupations rely on the ability to sell merchandises through interaction with a assortment of different clients. Hence, good communicating accomplishments are essential.A As identified by my VARK trial consequences, I have strong aural accomplishments that would be particularly utile in Marketing since the occupation demands that I have a good apprehension of clients ‘ needs.A Bing a good hearer, and besides person that likes to see things from different positions, this would let me to pass on efficaciously with my clients.A My ability to pass on good has been greatly developed through my past employment as a Customer Service Representative at the Bank of China and private coach, learning Mathematicss and assorted linguistic communications to kids. Therefore, good communicating now represents one of my cardinal strengths.A I am tri-lingual giving me versatility in my communicating accomplishments leting me to speak with a wider client range.A Good presentation accompl ishments is besides an of import facet of communicating accomplishment that is required in my hereafter calling since it is likely that It would be needed when advancing new merchandises for instance.A Fortunately, my presentational accomplishments have been greatly enhanced over clip through past experience in giving presentations during my past employment and current studies.A Having a good apprehension of the merchandises that I am advancing and any new merchandises on the market is besides really of import in Marketing.A Hence, it is necessary to hold good research accomplishments and besides to hold an unfastened head with respects to larning new material.A Bing a ‘reflector ‘ agencies that I happy to absorb information from many different angles and utilize it to do my determinations, while being a ‘specialist ‘ as identified by my Belbin trial consequences suggests that I have a natural avidity to larn and spread out my cognition in subjects at hand.A As I am likely to be working within a squad in my work force with similar marks, there is no uncertainty that good teamwork accomplishments are a requirement.A I believe that I possess good teamwork capablenesss holding already been in employment where good teamwork is a must, such as working with my co-workers in the publicity and derivation of comprehensive fiscal programs during my old job.A I besides actively partake in assorted teamwork athleticss that have allowed me to efficaciously construct on my teamwork skills.A It is my mark to accomplish a calling as a Marketing director in hereafter, which will demand extra accomplishments in order to be successful such as leading and ability to actuate myself and others within my team.A Bing a Selling director will intend that I will have greater duty, pull offing a squad or doing cardinal determinations that will impact company success.A Although I believe that I possess an ideal personality to set about such a function in a company, I feel that I will necessitate to better myself farther before I am ready.A With respects to movable accomplishments, I believe my biggest failing lies in my leading qualities, being a less self-asserting person that likes to keep back from engagement in group activities.A I understand that if I am to be a good leader, I will necessitate to better this facet by playing a more outstanding function in group activities and basically ‘stamping my authority'.A I do non to the full agree with the impression that leading is a quality that ca n't be taught, and some people are merely born leaders.A I feel that leading is a accomplishment that can be improved through life-long acquisition and experience ; hence I will boom to better myself in this respect.A â€Å" As with all accomplishments, they need to be learnt and no-one is born with them. † ( Phil O'Reilly, 2009 ) .A A A A ADecisionLife-long acquisition is an indispensable procedure for me to larn new accomplishments and besides to better bing 1s. It is besides extremely of import for my personal development towards being a ‘better ‘ individual, and one that is able to accommodate to an of all time changing universe. The changeless skill of new movable accomplishments is besides critical for calling patterned advance and to give myself a competitory advantage over those booming for the same chances as myself. By utilizing a assortment of different trials, I have gained an grasp of my ain personality, larning penchants and strengt hs. This information, together with my involvements makes me ideally suited for a future calling in the Marketing field.

Artemis Sportswear Company

What production and operational cost expenditures can be minimized, without effecting productivity or overall quality of the manufactured goods? Artemisia Sportswear has Identified the need to reduce operation costs that In the end will Limit profit gains. This requires an in-depth examination of overhead, employment numbers, and production rates to determine the best course of action for effective company management. A research team has developed a strategy to study and address this particular issue and present the findings to the Board of Directors.This research document will determine what production and operational cost expenditures can be enameled without effecting productivity or overall quality of the manufactured goods. Our team has discovered 3 keys for your company to reduce your overhead; cut production costs, employee reduction and production rates. Our first key is to cut production costs, as this is vital for the future of the business. Production cost is important to r educe because it decreases wastes, stalls over production, and limits possible defects in your company's products.The second key is o reduce employment numbers, and in Dalton how best to conduct this normally sensitive area. We also want to show you that through the use of effective management and hiring processes, the hiring of quality people will save millions of dollars each year. The final key is production rates and how it is important to have a well-adjusted rate for competition. Production rate is important because customers are constantly looking for better quality products and services and lower rate.Our team has examined these production expenses and the following will explain the ideas we have for your company throughout the operations department. Artemisia sportswear company needs to reduce their production costs by a significant amount, or else risk failure. Our research team has developed several ways to reduce production costs; such as waste reduction, over production , and defects. Reducing waste in the total cost of production is a good way to cut cost, and having too much product can create profit loss in your company.Waste reduction is an Important element of minimizing total cost of production (Wald, Johann, ; Aim, 2010). If our company minimizes waste In production by recycling defected products, or scrap material you may gain profit back by reducing any unused expenditures. In practice, the costs incurred in a production process include manufacturing costs, materials costs, quality loss cost, inspection costs, rework costs, and scrap costs (Wald, Johann, ; Aim, 2010). The team suggests selling defected products at a lower rate and creating a limited-time featured Item at a â€Å"special price† for items that are over produced.For Instance, If you eliminate the excess Inventory that Is spread ore useful than idle inventory (Reginald, 2011). This will help profits and limiting waste within your company. Another way for Artemisia Sport swear to reduce waste would be to cut down on equipment procedures and modernize the equipment being used. Some examples are to include using energy saving light bulbs, reducing usage of heating and air conditioning within the buildings, having a well-insulated building, and reducing the amount of equipment used to produce the products.Older devices consumed more electricity and generated more heat than newer products (Leper, 2011). The benefits that modern equipment brings are that they are easier to use and more reliable to use with the products you are selling. Also by modernizing the equipment your company currently uses, will also add more benefits to your products and increase profit margin by ways of added design features. A path of output fleet modernization led to several things worthwhile – profound savings, reduced paper consumption, operational efficiencies and heightened environmental friendliness (Leper, 2011).We want to render the company further to be moderniz ed and environmentally friendly. We believe every path leads to something worthwhile† (Leper, 2011). Artemisia Sportswear Company has a large number of producers; our goal in this section is to reduce that number by 30%. As a research team we do not want to target a certain group of employees. Most employers whom downsize will target these three types of groups; those who do not work as hard, employees based on age, gender, race, and sexual preference. To be sure, the term â€Å"targeted† could be interpreted in several ways.For example, it might mean (a) not random, and therefore based on performance; (b) strategic, and Hereford based on a particular organizational unit, such as a division or a specific line of business; or (c) cuts in pay (perhaps according to a sliding scale by organizational level), capital expenditures, or other operating expenses (Socio & Peg, 2004). As a research team we want to encourage you to not make these decisions based age, gender, race, o r sexual preference, as we pointed out, but to make the decision based on what is best for your company.The best way to really cut expenses in this example is to drastically cut pay from higher paid employees and educing employees based on performance. We want to increase your employee loyalty by showing employees that the company cares about their well-being, as this typically leads to better production out of your employees. Restructuring, including downsizing, often leads to predictable effects diminished loyalty from employees (Socio & Peg, 2004). Assuring the employees that Artemisia Sportswear is making these decisions based on performance and pay cuts will increase their loyalty.We also want to increase your company's profits, but in order to do so you must make a UT in your company's workforce, because as the law goes, happier employees creates more production which naturally leads to a reduction in employees. Another point is common among managers is that by downsizing the workforce, sometimes through across-the-board cuts in employees, boosts company profits (Socio & Peg, 2004). So, by an overall reduction in your workforce by this small amount will begin to increase your profit margin.We want to increase your company's rivalry with other competitors and prove to other companies and customers that your product is worthy of the industry in sportswear. When new competitors enter an industry the key to expansion within your company, by producing further enhanced and least expensive goods and services to the loyal customers within the industry. We want to increase the type of products that are for sale and the amount you sell them for. The intensity of rivalry among existing competitors can obviously influence company profitability (Sack & Nadia, 2002).We want to refrain from intense and extreme rivalry with your competitors. Intense rivalry may influence your profitability, but it can also result in all sorts of problems. We want to increase competition between companies, but in minimal amount. Firms in one industry may produce products that compete with products in another (Sack & Nadia, 2002). New and improved products are more reliable to customers; customers are also more fascinated to these newly developed products. We want to create highly enhanced products that will fit every customer's needs.For instance, minor league baseball not only competes with other sports events, but also amusement parks, theaters, substitute products such as pay-per-view cable channels that show first run movies or video stores that offer much better prices for movies once they have left theaters are major competitors (Sack & Nadia, 2002). We would like to suggest using limited time special products such as, professionally signed products like; baseballs, basketballs, hockey sticks, sports shoes, etc.The company would also benefit from having a limited time meet and greet with famous athletes. This will improve competition and allow a minimal amoun t of rivalry. The buyers of an industry outputs can lower the industry profitability by bargaining for higher quality or more services, and forcing down prices (Sack & Nadia, 2002). This is why as a company you should not give in to the customers' desire in change, as you will not always change your prices to please your customers, instead you can offer great quality for an affordable price.Buyers have the upper hand when an industry products are relatively undifferentiated (Sack & Nadia, 2002), but your company will not give buyers the upper hand. As a supplier to the sportswear industry you will want to increase your profitability as much as possible. Our team wants to make the company as a supplier more powerful within the competition. If there are only a few companies hat supply an entire industry, these powerful suppliers can squeeze profitability out of an industry unable to cover cost increases in its own prices (Sack & Nadia, 2002).This is where suppliers become more powerfu l by increasing profit and quality of the products being sold. When industries have limited access to materials needed for production, the power of suppliers becomes a major competitive force (Sack & Nadia, 2002). Your company will need to search for all the materials needed for your production and try to provide the products that the customers need and ant. Our research team has explained the 3 keys for Artemisia Sportswear Company to reduce costs and cut out any unneeded expenditures.We are confident that what we have explained in detail will save your company money through the processes explained above. We would like to assure the company that these time-proven, and highly successful ways of helping your business grow. If you would only imply these principles every so often when replacing equipment, you would be practicing a much needed pruning in your company which is necessary for any living thing to grow much more fully.

Theories of Entrepreneurship Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Theories of Entrepreneurship Failure - Essay Example This study looks into an entrepreneurship as something that many people look toward and few people accomplish. In the world of work, as the economy changes and workers lose traditional jobs, many are finding that entrepreneurship can be their next way to earn an income. The challenge with this idea is that many small businesses fail for a number of reasons and this often leaves the small business owner looking for a new job. Many people mistakenly think that â€Å"entrepreneurship† and â€Å"small business owner† are synonymous. The challenge with this thought is that there are many small businesses, but only a few real entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs find failure many times but there are a variety of reasons for it. Cardon, Stevens, and Potter suggest that failure is an â€Å"important phenomenon† because it leads to the entrepreneur’s ability to understand and make sense of what happened. In this way, they can make choices to do something different or begin another entrepreneurial venture. There are many theories that will be discussed in this essay to discuss scholarly views on the nature and types of theory. There are a variety of discussions that present the nature of theories and why they are important. Harlow states that one of the challenges to the word theory is that there are so many different ways that it is used. In other words, there is no universal meaning for this word. Harlow also notes that research uses theory to mean the relevant aspects of the literature that are important in building a background of information about the specific topic. As an example, in entrepreneurship, the use of theories will provide a foundation for the study of how entrepreneurship and failure are presented. Gelso (2006) describes theory from a more scientific point of view than Harlow (2009). Gelso posits that science and theory work together and one without the other would be very different. Gelso states that science must exist in collaborat ion with research in order to present solid research. In one respect, â€Å"science without controlled, empirical research would consist of only untested ideas and biases† (Gelso, 2006, para. 2), which would render research unusable. Gelso defines a theory as â€Å"a statement of the suspected relationship between and among variables† (Gelso, 2006, para. 9). With this understanding, Gelso suggests that the individual researcher can provide an integrated approach to the topic under study and make valuable assumptions about the research. Wacker (1998) adds to this discussion by stating that the difference in the way that professionals view theory is in the â€Å"exact nature† of the theory (p. 361). Wacker states that there are several reasons why theory is important to every discipline. These reasons are: â€Å"It provides a framework for analysis It provides an efficient method for field development It provides a clear explanation for the pragmatic world† (Wacker, 1998, p. 362). In stating such, Wacker (1998) supports the ideas of Gelso (2006) and Harlow (2009) in that theory is important and that it lays the foundation for research to be built upon. Waker also states that developing theory lessens the possibility of error because the researchers can build upon current theory; this leads to efficiency. Wacker (1998) creates a definition of theory using what academic theory understands as important. Theories are made of four factors in his definition. They must define terms or variables, they must have a domain where the theory generates from, the variables must have some type of relationship and the theory must have specific claims (Wacker, 1998, p. 363). This idea corresponds with Gelso (2006) and gives a foundation to the idea that research must be grounded in secure theories in order for them to be sound. Henderikus (2007) also has presented information regarding theory in a similar way as Wacker (1998). Henderikus (2007) suggest s that theory is a more mathematical concept and therefore

CAFE Standarsd Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CAFE Standarsd - Article Example They think that car manufacturers should be spared the painful task of spending a large amount of money to improve their cars’ design in order to make them more efficient. They think that because research has to be done, people have to be displaced, and profits will have to shrink, that the task of designing more fuel-efficient cars is not worth doing... just because it is too hard. I am a single mother, with a four-year-old son. I also have a physical disability which imposes upon me what other persons might call â€Å"limitations† or â€Å"constraints†. It is not easy for me to go about as able-bodied people do. I am not so rich as to hire people to do things for me. But I always find a way to get things done. In fact, I am pursuing my masters degree in counselling, something many â€Å"normal† people will hesitate to even attempt. Is it hard? Yes, it is. But that is not an excuse for me to just lay back and leave things as they are. I get up every day and do what has to be done, because it has to be done. Does Congress have what it takes to get things done, my dear Representative ? I am but one small voice among many, so I am counting on you to be my voice. What the big companies hesitate to do has already been done by other countries which have mustered the needed political will. Only we have hesitated, the most powerful country on earth, because we find it too hard to change. If despite all my disadvantages I can raise my son to be a good citizen of this earth, then I expect that our Congress will find a way to provide him with a portion of this earth in which to thrive that is safe and sustainable. I am , from . I am writing you today about the Corporate Average Fuel Economy, or CAFÉ, bill, which I understand is currently being considered in the House. I feel very strongly about this issue, so much so that I am taking the pains to make my sentiments known to the Congressman

The Organizational Behavior Principles Presentation Essay

The Organizational Behavior Principles Presentation - Essay Example The importance of this factor stems out of its determining role in the employees' job satisfaction, level of stress and interest. There are three most commonly used approaches to integration of job design: efficiency perspective, motivation perspective, and quality perspective. The efficiency perspective developed on the base of the scientific management and its primary goal is to economize on the costs of production activities. We can think about one of the aspects of the efficiency perspective, namely process engineering, as a potential tool to increase efficiency of the sales force performance. However, the efficiency perspective does not really have the positive impact on the workers' motivation and effort. Generally speaking, process engineering assesses the sequence of tasks required to produce a particular product or service and analyzes the way those tasks fit together into an integrated job. It also examines tasks to see which should be performed by people and which can possibly be automated without compromising on the performance. The motivational perspective concentrates on fitting the characteristics of jobs to the needs and interests of the people who performs them and, therefore, provides the opportunity for satisfaction at work. Although, its commonly used tools, which include vertical, horizontal, comprehensive, and sociotechnical job enrichment, are applicable to a greater extend to the manufacturing organizations, the motivational perspective may provide us with useful insights as well. We may consider allocating to the new product line sales team those sales managers who have had previous experience with new products' launches and are excited about participating in such a challenge. The quality perspective incorporates both elements of motivational and efficiency perspectives and emerged later when the total quality management began gaining popularity. Closely interconnected with the motivational theory and job design is the goal setting process. As the goal commitment and performance are positively related, the task of proper goal setting gains importance. Every company wants to rely on its workers doing "the best they can". Although such a goal is intended to guide job performance in everyday situation, research in the organizational behavior field has consistently demonstrated that instructions shaped in this way can hinder the working performance. In contrast, Wagner and Hollenbeck (2005) note that more than 100 studies support the assertion that performance is enhanced by goals that are both specific and difficult (120). Two additional elements that help in motivating the employees are feedback, so the progress can be monitored, and incentives, so the goal accomplishment takes on meaning. Therefore, the goals of the new sales team should be both specific, meaning quantified and personalized, and challenging. Moreover, following the steady evolutionary growth should be rewarded. Specific and difficult goals are especially effective when incorporated into a continuous improvement cycle in which future goals consist of reasonable increments on the fulfilled goals of the past. The aggressive but achievable goals encourage people to develop effective task strategies and sharpen their mental focus on the task. However, their major advantage is that they direct attention to specific desired results, clarifying perceptions of

Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media Essay

Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media - Essay Example The essay "Loneliness and Isolation in Different Media" discovers he Loneliness and Isolation theme in the context of Different Media. Slaughter makes the meaning clear from the beginning through the end that the persona in the poem is lonely. He intensifies the feeling by repeating the word â€Å"loneliness† throughout the poem especially in the first two stanzas. He further emphasizes the theme using repetition of the word â€Å"loneliness† in the last four lines of the poem. Note that the repetition effects to an alliteration and even to an exaggeration. In addition, as the lines of the poem highlight the theme of loneliness, they imply the idea of morbidity. Finding loneliness in everything that the persona sees in his surroundings, including the land, seas, etc., he expresses severity of his loneliness, thus making it appear as if he is under depression. In addition to the alliteration, Slaughter represents the feelings of the persona using his surroundings. He use s phrases with compound nouns beginning with â€Å"lonely† such as lonely trek, lonely mist, lonely spies, lonely circles, lonely tears, lonely cries, and lonely tears. He also adds compound nouns such as â€Å"coursing strife† and â€Å"flowing pain† to underscore the dilemma of the persona. Using images to represent feelings suggests Slaughter’s use of symbolism. The theme of loneliness is likewise expressed in Hopper‘s painting. The subject of this painting is a middle aged woman who sits alone, expressionless in a hotel, unmindful of the morning sun.

Personal encounter with nature (animals) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal encounter with nature (animals) - Essay Example It was an animal with black and white spots that tensed up. However, I had learnt some tips of how to react when one encounters a leopard. According to Schneier (n.d), if one encounters a leopard, the individual should avoid gazing at the animal and run to safety. It is also wise not to disturb or jump over its laid tail. I moved to the sideways of the path to avoid contact with the animal. Leopards are sensitive and react swiftly to the prey. Therefore, the animal raised its tail and walked ahead of my path through the bush and laid its tail again. I did not attempt to chase the animal away or scream for help since it would make the leopard uneasy and attack me. I walked shivering to the gate of my home and avoided any contact with the leopard. It was a great relief getting to door of my house safely. I learnt that when in an encounter with leopards, being cautious and relaxed is always mandatory. An individual can fall a prey to the animal if they attack the animal. However, the animal can also provide protection if handled carefully since they are part of nature. Schneier, Bruce. Dont Look a Leopard in the Eye, and Other Security Advice. Retrieved on 20 Feb 2014 from http://www.wired.com/politics/security/commentary/securitymatters/2007/05/securitymatters_0531?currentPage=all Wired

Leadership and management in nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and management in nursing - Essay Example General strategies for effecting changes in human systems are power coercive strategy; empirical-rational strategy; and normative/re-educative strategy. Though there are many change strategies, and responsibilities of pathway leadership is challenging, successful change will materialize only with the cooperation and commitment of those involved in the change process. Under these circumstances a case study of the challenges faced by a registered nurse, newly posted in orthopaedic ward of a regional hospital, is attempted to identify efficacy of different change strategies. All professional nurses prefer autonomy and control of their practice and want to apply their nursing knowledge and skills without interference from nurse managers, physicians, or persons in other discipline. â€Å"Changing clinical practice involves addressing deeply held beliefs and traditional rituals† and â€Å"developing new services often involves changing professional roles, boundaries, and loyalties,† because each profession has a unique set of values (Ridout 2002). Leading change is the mainstay of leadership skill, and â€Å"the person responsible for moving others who are affected by the change through its stages† is identified as a change agent ((Daly, Speedy and Jackson 2003, p.195). â€Å"The ability to harness internal motivation, the readiness to take responsibility and to persist, and the drive to stretch for higher performance, take risks, and accomplish goals typify leaders high in achievement, orientation and initiative† (Roussel & Swa nsburg 2008, p.123). General strategies for effecting changes in human systems identified by Robert Chin and D. Benne (1976) that are based on reasons people change their behaviour are: (1) power coercive strategy; (2) empirical-rational strategy; (3) and normative/re-educative strategy (cited by Nickols, 2003) â€Å"The power-coercive style is a top down dictatorial style to change† (Ridout 2002). The basic tenet of power-coercive

Market Structures Essay Example for Free

Market Structures Essay Each market structure plays a significant role in the economy. Markets are categorized according to the structure of each industry serving the market. Three of the basic market structures include competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies. These differ due to the different number of strength of buyers and sellers and also the level of collusion between them. There are stages of competition and magnitude of the difference in products. When there are many buyers and sellers of a product then neither firms are able influence prices, therefore making it competitive. In competitive markets there are not restraints on firms going in and out of the market and buyers can purchase the same product or products from many sellers and get the same products. For example, potatoes are in the competitive market because consumers can find a potato farm that offers them at the lowest market price, and they can produce however much they want or as much as they can profit from at the going rate. There are many options for buyers because, with the knowledge, there is a lower price so they can always observe to find the best price. Lets say a good/product is $10 at the market price and a firm produces 10 units per day. The total revenue for the day would be $100 ($10 x 10 = $100), but the marginal revenue with producing the eleventh unit per day would increase from $100 to $ 110 ( 11 x $10). However marginal cost do vary depending on the amount of goods produced. For example, a firm may increase input so marginal cost is equal to the market price. As long as the market price covers the variable cost there is incentive to stay in business, and possibly in the long run maximize profits (Jeffery Ely, 2012). So basically with a numerous amount of buyers and sellers in the market it creates competition and very little bargaining power for buyers and sellers. There are usually not many barriers that exist within competitive markets because the exit and entry levels are low. For example, even though the market for making cars competitive the upfront capitol cost are high, which can create difficulty entering, or getting started. In some cases an exit barrier may exist if a large amounts of money is tied up in firm.

Critics of Jeremy Benthem Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Critics of Jeremy Benthem Utilitarianism Essay Though there are many supporters of utilitarianism given the fact that this theory prioritizes the benefits of the happiness and satisfaction of the majority not the minority, there are some philosophers and scholar who critique its implications. Distastefulness: The argument from distaste is often expressed as a suggestion that utilitarianism doesnt provide enough support for individuals rights. It says that just in order to achieve its goal, utilitarianism won’t care about anything else but to make sure that it can satisfy the majority. What about the minority? Will they get hurt? Moreover utilitarianism gives no special moral weight to justice. Maybe just outcomes will often produce more overall happiness than unjust ones. But in those cases in which an unjust outcome would produce more happiness, a utilitarian will need to favor it Impossibility: The second most common criticism of utilitarianism is that it is impossible to apply that happiness, for example, cannot be quantified or measured, that there is no way of calculating a trade-off between intensity and extent, or intensity and probability , or comparing happiness to suffering. Therefore, it is so difficult for us to justify or say that one action is categorized as utilitarianism or not. Impracticality: The third most common criticism is that it is too difficult to apply that we cannot calculate all the effects for all the individuals (either because of the large number of individuals involved, and/or because of the uncertainty). The principle of utility is, essentially, a description of what makes something right or wrong so in order for it to fail, someone must give an example of something which is useful but obviously wrong. The principle does not imply that we can calculate what is right or wrong completely accurately, in advance, or at all! It is just impractical to calculate what is right or wrong as required by the theory. Contracts and promises: Utilitarianism gives no special moral weight to things like promises and contracts. If the world would be a slightly better or happier place if I broke a promise, then, according to the utilitarian, I should break it. (This is true for act utilitarianism; in the case of a variant called rule utilitarianism, which holds that we should use utilitarian criteria to evaluate rules rather than individual actions, the situation is more complicated. ) A standard example to illustrate this is the desert island promise. Utilitarianism regards all happiness as equally good, regardless of who gets it. Making an awful person happy, for the utilitarian, is just as valuable as making a splendid person happy. Many people find this completely unacceptable, holding that happiness is of no value unless the happy person is morally good.

Intrusion Detection Systems in Security

Intrusion Detection Systems in Security Abstract Modern world provide the latest system of internet which is disputing for the security of information systems. The defense of information is becoming the part and parcel for internet day by day. Current Intrusion Detection systems cannot make sure to detect attacks in real time environment as it has insufficient ability to do that. To cope with latest invasions attack, database should be rationalized time to time. Systems fall squat to recognize fresh attacks due to lack of domain familiarity. If there is any lack of domain familiarity, Intrusion Detection system can fall squat to recognize new attack. In Wireless and AD HOC networks, Information security revolves into imperative role. Possibility of vulnerability to attacks rises as for their flexible nature. A few intrusion detection schemes suggested for where wired networks are not sufficient for Wireless and AD HOC networks. In AD HOC networks, it is significant for such slant that is proficient to intellect any variety of eccentric actions. In fact, it is out of ability of technology to encumber each single contravention. In this thesis I am going to model a IDS using time series techniques for wireless AD HOC network by which it can detect intruders. Time series is a technique by which we can detect intrusion. To form the rapid change of time series data, the technique applies the Auto-Regressive (AR) method, and achieves in order hypothesis test to detect the intrusion. By means of time and location correlation, the systems and modes verify the existence of anomalous commotion, as well as its occurring time and location. It is proved and demonstrates that the experimental outcomes perform better with the recommended method in detecting the intrusion. Acknowledgements Introduction Security is the major issue for the wireless and Mobile AD HOC network because it is using â€Å"AIR† as media .Research project address this part as Intrusion Detection. Mounting world cannot imagine even for a single day without computer and computer is basis on internet. Nowadays secure information of internet is becoming very high priority. Modern world emphases in a way by which it can be protect the data and information from any illicit and unauthorized access. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be differs in various techniques and advance with the objective to detect suspicious traffic in dissimilar ways. There are two significant categories of intrusion detection systems. One is called network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) and the other one is host-based intrusion system (HIDS). The existing system that detects attacks based on looking for specific signature of identified threats. It reveals particularly that we may have two sets of data; one is of usual and common data and other one apprehensive and suspicious data. So intrusion detection systems match the data with the set of normal and suspicious data and if the deference between the two set is above a threshold value then intrusion is detected. Currently, if Internet infrastructure assault such as man in the middle attack, denial of service attacks and worms infection, have become one of the most serious threats to the network security [1]. It is very likely feasible to detect the attacks and abnormal behaviors if there is sufficient and efficient method and technique exists for monitor and examine, and it can not only make sure proceed warning of potential attacks, but also help out to recognize the reasons, source and locations of the anomalies. By this way, it may assist to restrain the attacks, sooner than they have enough time to broadcast across the network. This document represents the method, in support of detecting network anomalies by analyzing the unexpected change of time series data .With the comparison of other anomaly detection methods. We have focal point on the vibrant behavior of the network rather than using the static models. Our process and method concerns the Auto-Regressive (AR) process to model the r apid and unexpected change of time series data, and performs sequential hypothesis test in contrast with two adjoining non-overlapping windows of the time series to detect the anomalies Aim and Objectives Aim: The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a IDS for wireless network to detect and monitoring malicious activities by using time series analysis techniques. Objectives: ïÆ'Ëœ Review current intrusion detection systemïÆ'Ëœ Analyze the data with suspicious activitiesïÆ'Ëœ Design appropriate system architecture for IDSïÆ'Ëœ Implement the system using time series analysisïÆ'Ëœ Testing and evaluate the system.ïÆ'Ëœ Future work Academic Background Intrusion detection system In general, an Intrusion Detection System is not an antivirus program to detect virus or not a network logging system for detecting complete vulnerability or not a vulnerability tools which can check bus, flaws and network services. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a software or hardware by which we can detect hackers, male ware and bots. There are few types of Intrusion detection system like Network Intrusion Detection System, Protocol-based Intrusion Detection System, Application protocol-based Intrusion Detection System and Host-based Intrusion Detection System etc. Now a day, wireless network is increasing dramatically. We are trying to make everything which can connect to internet without wire. Compare to wired network, it is easy to capture the channel of wireless network for an intruders.Why We Need Intrusion Detection System Why we need IDS An overview of current intrusion detection system Wireless networks are extremely vulnerable to man in the middle attack, DOS and other attacks because they depend on a shared communication medium as well as depend on limited resources. Wireless ad hoc networks do not have a central control as wireless LANs and they also provide a dynamic topology. This increases the complexity of the intrusion detection schemes in ad hoc networks. Network Anomaly Detection Using Time Series Analysis According to Qingtao Wu and Zhiqing Shaos research paper, This research paper explain to detect network intrusion using time series analysis. Anomaly and sequential detection with time series data Intrusion Detection Alert Flow Processing Using Time Series Analysis Methods Processing intrusion detection alert aggregates with time series modeling Compare Wired and Wireless Intrusion Detection System (Dragan Pleskonjic) In wired network, Intruder should be attached physically. Intruder needs a direct connectivity into the network.It is possible to trace the intruder In wireless network, Intruder does not require any physical connection. So Intruder can stay everywhere. There are no difference between internal and external network so it is difficult to specify the attack whether it is insider or outsider.The border of Defense of wireless networks is weak compare to wired network.

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

Catcher in the Rye Essay Holden wanted to be the catcher in the rye. Holden wanted to catch children before they fell off the cliff and realized how the world really is, the world is disappointing. He wanted to keep children innocent and pure. There are several quotes and examples to support this in Catcher in the Rye like when the kid was singing in the park of Radio City, the school scene, Allie’s death and Holden’s rage over Allie’s death. Allie’s death helps make Holden’s decision about wanting to be a catcher in the rye. Holden wished he could have caught Allie before he fell off the cliff and died. Holden wanted to save Allie to catch him before it was too late. The night of Allie’s funeral Holden smashed every window in his garage with his fists. Holden tried smashing the windows on the car but his fists were too badly injured to do it. Holden went to the hospital bleeding during Allie’s funeral. Holden did not attend his brother’s funeral, so that he would not have to completely let go of Allie. Holden was changed so much by his brother’s death, Allie’s death. Holden often talks to himself, like Allie was still right next to him, thinking he is having a conversation with Allie. This shows Holden has unresolved issues of Allie’s death, that he has not gotten over it yet. Holden never goes to Allie’s grave, to see his tombstone. Thinking that if he never goes to see him, Allie death would never have really taken place in Holden’s mind, kind of like hear no evil, see no evil. Holden watches Phoebe ride on the carousel, turning and turning on it, and thinks "so damn happy all of a sudden". "This recreates the pattern of the catcher in the rye story" writes Malcolm Bradbury. Holden, the protective, watcher observes Phoebe’s happiness of childhood. Holden realizes that children are born innocent. Much like Adam and Eve in the Bible, both were innocent until coaxed into eating the fruit of knowledge from the tree by the snake of evil, in the Garden of Eden. God told them not to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge but Adam and Eve wanted to be as smart as God. To punish Adam and Eve, God made the fruit get stuck in their throats and give them sin. After that Adam and Eve started wearing clothes because they were no longer innocent.

Capital Punishment Essay: Capital Punishment Targets the Poor

Capital Punishment Targets the Poor In some states, inmates can be executed for crimes they committed at the age of 16; in others, only those who committed murder at age 18 or older are eligible for the death penalty. This essay will demonstrate that such inconsistencies and many other factors cause a situation where the poor are consistently targeted by the death penalty.    Some states, but not all, ban the execution of people with mental retardation. Some states include felony murder (unpremeditated murder committed in the course of another crime such as robbery or burglary) as a capital crime; others do not. In the 29 states that have a sentence of life without parole, 23 have statutes that bar judges from letting jurors know they have that sentencing option. Since studies consistently show that when given a choice between a death sentence and a sentence of life without parole, most people will choose the latter, failure to inform a jury of this alternative is tantamount to sending more people to the execution chamber.    Social science research has discredited the claim that execution deters murder. The majority of murders are committed in the heat of passion, and/or under the influence of alcohol or drugs, when there is little thought given to the possible consequences of the act. "Hit men" and other murderers who plan their crimes beforehand, intend and expect to avoid punishment altogether by not getting caught.    Law enforcement officials know that the death penalty is not a deterrent. Imposing the death penalty more often was thought to be cost-effective by only 29% of 386 randomly selected U.S. police chiefs polled by Peter D. Hart Research Associates in 1995. States that have death p... ...ily as an alternative to the death penalty(Death).    In 45 states, laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the possibility of parole. Thirteen states impose sentences without the possibility of parole for 25 - 40 years, and all but three of the states that use capital punishment also have the option of life imprisonment with no possibility of parole. Although it is often assumed that capital punishment is less costly than life imprisonment, the opposite is true: in terms of dollars, in terms of crime control, and in terms of morality.    Is there any other way to go than to oppose capital punishment? No.    WORKS CITED: Death Penalty Information Center  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/ Stanford Law Review  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://support.lexis-nexis.com/online/record.asp?ArticleID=LXE_Law_Rev_S